Emergency in diagnostic Imaging
Diagnostic imaging of gastrointestinal
Diagnostic imaging of injuries, including multi-organ injuries and bone fractures
Diagnostic imaging of the breast
Diagnostic imaging of the chest and cardiac imaging

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

Topographic and radiological anatomy in the field of neuroanatomy, anatomy of the head and neck, cardiovascular, digestive, genitourinary, as well as bones, joints and ligaments and muscles and breast anatomy – repetition and review. Diagnostic imaging and interpretation of images of radiography (X-ray), CT, MR and their differential diagnostic.

X-ray tube, X-ray tube output, exposure time, focal spot and resolution. Radiation exposure and time. Spectrum of X-rays, characteristic radiation, heel effect. X-ray generations. Photoelectric effect, coherent scattering, Compton scattering. Types of grids. Absorption efficiency. Sensitivity and speed. Quantum mottle. Image quality. Fluoroscopy. Digital radiography. Radiobiology: linear energy transfer, exposure, radiation units, absorbed dose, radiation effect, acute and late effect of radiation exposure. Diagnostic X-ray dose. Radiation protection, ALARA principles for reducing radiation exposure.

Contrast agents: iodinated, barium, paramagnetic. Contrast reactions, types of reactions, risk factors, advantages and disadvantages, and treatment.

NEURORADIOLOGY

Modern diagnostic methods in neuroradiology. Imaging and diagnostics as well as differentiation diagnosis of selected pathologies and diseases of the central and peripheral nervous system: recognition and the most important radiological symptoms and signs as well as selection of diagnostic methods and differentiation diagnosis in: neurodegenerative diseases (MS, ADEM, PRES, leukodystrophies). Inflammatory diseases and infections: Infectious disease: bacterial meningitis, empyema, brain abscess, toxoplasmosis, alcoholic and Wernicke disease.. Brain and spinal cord tumors. Classification of primary brain tumor, determining tumor location (intra-axial, extra-axial, supra-, infratentorial), astrocytomas (fibrillary astrocytomas, anaplastic astrocytoma, glioblastoma multiforme), brainstem glioma, oligodendroglioma, ependymoma, subependymoma, hemangioblastoma, ganglioglioma, medulloblastoma, lymphoma, meningioma, schwannoma, germinoma. Tumor-like lesion and cystic lesions. Determmining tumor location, common mass by location. Cerebello-pontine angle tumors. Metastases. Carcinomatous meningitis. Types of brain edema. Mass effect.
Dementia syndromes Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, ALS, Huntington chorea. Ischemic strokes – cerebral ischemia and infarction, a selection of diagnostic methods and characteristics, division by time window, therapeutic options, stroke evolution in MRI, interpretation, role of CT/CTA in acute stroke.

Cranio-cerebral injuries - diagnostic methods, radiological symptoms and signs, primary and secondary brain injuries, cortical contussion, diffuse axonal injury, epidural hematoma (EDH), subdural hematoma (SDH), subdural hygroma. Intracranial hemorrhage - division, diagnostics, characteristic symptoms and signs, CT and MRI appearance of intracranial hemorrhage. Hypertensive hemorrhage, tumor hemorrhage. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Aneurysm types: saccular, fusiforme, giant, dissecting. Vascular malformation: AVM (parenchymal, dural), cavernous malformations, capillary teleangiectasia, venous anomaly. Cerebral herniation. Diffuse cerebral edema. Hydrocephalus. Pituitary tumors and the area of the sella turcica. Rathke cleft cyst. Chiari malformations. Dandy-Walker malformation. Phakomatosis. Neurofibromatosis. Von Hippel-Lindau disease. Pituitary adenoma and macroadenoma. Craniopharyngioma. Spinal dysraphism. Tethered spinal cord. Diastematomyelia. Hydrosyringiomyelia. Degenerative annormalities and disk herniation. Spinal cord tumors: astrocytoma, ependymoma, hjemangioblastoma, metastases.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING of HEAD and NECK

Head and neck anatomy and spaces – review. Lymphatic nodes – clinical and anatomical classifications. Trauma of head and neck. Le Fort fractures, types. Branchial cleft cysts. Solid and cystic neck mass. Mounth and floor of the mounth pathologies. Pharynx: retropharyngeal abscess, juvenile angiofibroma, squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Larynx: laryngocele, benign tumors, laryngeal carcinoma (types, radiologic features). Paranasal sinuses diagnostic imaging and pathology. Parotid and submandibular glands: diagnostic imaging and pathology, characteristic features. Thyroid gland and parathyroids: diagnostic imaging, pathology and characteristic features. Ear and orbit: diagnostic imaging, pathology and characteristic features. Fundamentals of dental radiology. The specificity of the X-ray image and methods of its registration, the basics. CBCT tomography. Radiological anatomy, reading and interpretation of basic images.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING of the BREAST

Breast imaging techniques and anatomy. Bi-RADS scale. Mammography, indications, advantages and disadvantages, techniques, projections and interpreatations. Mammography reporting: mass, margins, calcifications (benign and malignant). MRI: indications, advantages and disadvantages, techniques and interpreatations, limitations.

Biopsy: needle localization for surgical biopsy/excision, core biopsy

NonCancerous Lesions: fibrocystic and cystic leasions, fibroadenoma, phyllodes tumor, fibrosis, radial scar, lipomadesmoid, galactocele.

Breast cancer: risk factors, screening recommendations, signs of malignancy, staging, types of breast carcinoma, classification.

Abnormal ductal patterns.

Implants: diagnostic imaging and postsurgical findings.

Lymph node abnormality.

Male breast cancer and gynecomastia.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING of the CHEST

and CARDIAC IMAGING

Lung and chest anatomy. Mediastinum. Plain film anatomic landmarks. Pulmonary infections: lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, nodules, cavitary lesions, diffuse opacities. Pulmonary abscess. Viral infections. Fungal infections. Tuberculosis. Sarcoidosis. Pulmonary embolism. Neoplasm: classification, primary and secondary signs of malignancy, paraneoplastic syndromes od lung cancer. Tumor staging. Lung metastases. Other lung disorders. Tracheal pathology diagnostic imaging and characteristic features. Chronic bronchial disease eg. asthma. Lung injury, pneumothorax. . Pulmonary edema. Pleura: empyema, fluid collection, pleural tumors. Mediastinal masses.

Cardiac Imaging techniques. Plain film interpretation. Coronary angiography, variants and anomaly and patologies.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING of the GASTROINTESTINAL

Diagnostic imaging anatomy, variants and congenital anomalies. Different diagnostic methods. Esophagus and hiatal hernia, diverticulum, achalasia, neoplasm. Gastric lesions: types, inflamations, cancer, lymphoma, differentia diagnosis. Polypus, Crohn disease, colitis, other colonic diseases. Inflamatory disease, diverticular disease, benign and malignant tumors: duodenum and small bowels, colon, rectum. Appendicitis. Ischemic bowel disease, volvulus, toxic megacolon. Liver anatomy and disease: infections, types of hepatic tumors (hemangioma, FNH, adenoma, HCC, fibrolamellar ca, metastases), trauma, vascular abnormalities. Portal vein thrombosis. Biliary system, anatomy, diagnostic methods, pathologies and imaging features, cholelithiasis, Mirizi syndrome, cholecystitis, cholangitis, GB carcinomacholangiocarcinoma, Caroli disease. Pancreas: anatomy, diagnostic methods, pathologies and imaging features, inflamations, types of tumors and carcinoma, cystic lesions. Spleen: diagnostic methods, pathologies and imaging features, injury. Metastases.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING of the GENITOURINARY

Diagnostic imaging anatomy, variants and congenital anomalies. Diagnostic imaging techniques. Cystic diseases. Tumors: classifications, diagnostic features. Metastases. Angiomyolipoma. Inflamation: diagnostic imaging, characteristic features and DDx. Nephrocalcinosis and lithiasis. Pelvicalyceal system – diagnostic imaging, imaging features, Trauma: renal and urinary bladder injury. Ureter and urinary bladder diagnostic imaging and characteristic features, neoplasm.

Male urethra: anatomy, diagnostic methods and features, injury. Prostate: anatomy, diagnostic methods, pathology and imaging features and findings, screening. Seminal vesicle and spermatic cord: anatomy, diagnostic methods, pathology and imaging features and findings. Testis and epidydimis: anatomy, diagnostic methods, pathology and imaging features and findings

Female pelvis, female urethra: anatomy, diagnostic methods and features, injury and frequent pathologies. Uterine malformations and variants. Pelvic inflamatory diseases. Leiomyoma. Endometrial hyperplasia. Endometrial and cervical carcinoma. Fallopian tubes anatomy and diagnostic, imaging features. Ovaries: classifications of cystic pathology, ovarian torsion, ovarian thrombosis, ovarian tumors and cancer. Pelvic floor prolapse. Extrauterine pregnancy.

Complex pelvic masses.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING of the MSK

Diagnostic images of bone, joints and soft tissue – different methods. Bone fractures and trauma. Bone tumors - classif–cations, primary bone tumors, metastases. Arthritis. Metabolic bone disease. Tumors of soft tissue.

DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING in PEDIATRICS

Pediatric diagnostic imaging: diagnostic methods, congenital anomalies, tracheomalatia, bronchopulmonary malformation, retgopharyngeal abscess, airway foreign body, pulmonary sequestration, congenital lobar emphysema, aspiration pneumonia, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), hyaline membrane disease, meconium aspiration syndrome. Common mediastinal tumor. Thymus. Gastrointestinal tract, congenital anomalies. Umbilical artery and vein. Esophageal atresia, tracheo-esophageal fistula. Gastroesophageal reflux. Esophageal foreign body. Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. Congenital duodenal atresia. Pylorospasm. Annular pancreas. Malrotation and midgut volvulus. Small bowel atresia. Meconium ileus. Intussusception. Appendicitis. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Hirschprung disease. Congenital anorectal anomalies. Biliary atresia. Hepatoblastoma. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Genitourinary tract, anatomy and congenital anomaly. Renal development and anomalies and variations. Urachus. Renal ectopia. Horseshoe kidney. Ureteral duplication. Ureterocele. Male hypospadiasis. Multicystic dysplastic kidney. Urinary tract infection. Vesicoureteral reflux. Wilms tumor. Nephroblastomatosis. Renal cel carcinoma. Clear cel sarcoma. Rhabdoid tumor. Neuroblastoma. Mesoblastic nephroma – hamartoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Neonatal adrenal hemorhhage. Diagnostic imaging of musculoskeletal - trauma, Salter-Harris fractures, toddler’s fractures, osteomyelitis, Legg-Calve-Perthes Disease, slipped capital femoral epiphysis. Diagnostic imaging od central nervous system: germinal matrix hemorhhage, cranial US, developmental anomalies of CNS, skull and vertebral collumn. Diagnostic imaging of lungs: neonatal pneumothorax

EMERGENCY in DIAGNOSTIC IMAGING

Acute and emergency diagnostic. The most appropriate imaging approach to allow prompt evaluation of injured and acutely ill adult and pediatric patient. CT and CTA protocols. Traumatic and non-traumatic brain and head injury. Brain death. Facial fractures. Pediatric neuroemergencies. Spine trauma, fracture types. Traumatic and non-traumatic emergencies of chest, abdomen and pelvis. Imaging after trauma and injuries, structure and internal organs (eg. liver, spleen, kidney) and vessels – different diagnostic methods, characteristic features, DDx. Bone fractures.

VASCULAR IMAGING and INTERVENTIONAL RADIOLOGY

Different techniques in interventional radiology. Access and types of approaches. Angiography advanteges and disadvantages and complications. Catheteters. Embolization. Thrombolysis. Angioplasty. DSA. Coagulations and biopsy and drainage.

Thoracic aorta and great vessels: anatomy, diagnostic imaging methods. Imaging principles. Aneurysm. Aortic dissection, classifications, Stanford types and DeBakey types, charakteristic features. Traumatic aortic injury. Aortitis, Takayasu arteritis. Abdominal aortic aneurysm. Acute aortic syndrome. Aortic grafts. Artheriosclerotic disease. Subclavia steal syndrome.

You are here